Unit 3: Hard sell

84 questions. Answer each one and read the explanation; your score comes at the end. Practise again whenever you like.

84questionsGrade 12 (Tawjihi)

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

People believe that the company lost millions last year. The correct passive form of the sentence above is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

Someone is repairing the bus station at the moment. The correct passive form of the sentence above is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

The fact that he had already spent good money on the ticket convinced him to stay. The correct passive form of the first part is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

An unknown person had added too much salt to the food. The correct passive form is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

People believe that animals never fall into the trap of the sunk-cost fallacy. The correct passive form is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

I made a terrible mistake. The correct passive form is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

We will prosecute all shoplifters. The correct passive form is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

Reading a review has convinced 82 percent of consumers to make a purchase. The correct passive form is: 82 percent of consumers .......... to make a purchase after reading a review.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

Genuine online reviews of products influence over 93 percent of consumers. The correct passive form is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

Someone didn't wash the dishes last night. The correct passive form is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

A lot of gift vouchers were given to me for my birthday. The sentence with the same meaning is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

I am owed a refund. The sentence with the same meaning is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

She has bought her son a bike. The correct passive form starting with 'A bike' is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

The bank had sent thousands of clients warnings about the new scams. The correct passive form is: Thousands of clients .......... warnings about the new scams.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

It is a grade 1 listed building, which means it .......... without permission.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

In Victorian times, corn .......... there.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

Recently, the old market .......... and is now home to many independent shops.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

The interior of the building .......... to be one of the finest of its kind in the country.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

The old market hall .......... in 1863.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

They expect the manager to make a decision soon. The correct passive form is: They expect a decision .......... soon.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

Hala enjoys people praising her. The correct passive form is: Hala enjoys .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)GrammarUnit 3: Hard sell

All the customers were given a freebie. The sentence with the same meaning is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

I asked several companies to give me a .......... for remodelling the kitchen.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

It isn't .......... to heat the whole house if you're only working in one room.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Ahmad has unusually large feet, so he needs .......... shoes.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

The venture may be .........., but it's also risky.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Once we've worked out what our .......... is, the rest will be plain sailing.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

I was surprised by how high their .......... was. They must sell thousands of products every month.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

You can't expect to get good quality at .......... prices.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Everything is online now, so I think the days of .......... shops are over.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

They're giving away free toys with children's meals as part of a sales .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Planes are expensive to design and make, so they require a lot of .......... investment.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

I wasn't planning on getting a new shirt today. It was a bit of an .......... buy.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

If you have positive .......... , you may not need to advertise.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

When I looked at the .......... , I almost passed out. It was so expensive!

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

So, what gave you the idea to .......... the business?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

It seemed like it might be a good market to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

It was too good an opportunity to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

We'd been gradually .......... customer loyalty in that area.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

They didn't want to buy at first, but eventually we managed to .......... them .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

We had to .......... ten dinars .......... the price before the customer agreed to buy.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

My cousin has always been a .......... businesswoman and runs several companies now.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

I'm not always very .......... when I meet new people. It takes me time to feel safe with them.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

I loved the film! The story was so .......... , and I've never seen anything like it before.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

In 1925, the Eiffel Tower was 'sold' to a .......... businessman by a famous conman.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

The salesman managed to .......... the customer into buying the more expensive model by being extra nice to her.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

The company .......... her away from her old job with promises of a better salary.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

The speaker was arrested for trying to .......... the crowd to violence.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Nothing you say will .......... me. I've already decided which car to buy.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Eating too much sugar can have a .......... effect on your health.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

A judge must remain completely .......... and not favour either side.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

One .......... of buying online is that the product may look different from the picture.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

People have a natural .......... to choose small rewards now over bigger rewards later.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

The project wasn't going well, but the team decided to .......... and finish it anyway.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

The extra cost of the taxi .......... the money we saved by going to the cheaper supermarket.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Coffee shops have .......... all over the city in the last few years.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

You can usually find a good price if you .......... for the best deal.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

It's much cheaper to buy .......... if you have a place to put it.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

Just because it's pay day, you shouldn't go on a shopping .......... and spend it all.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)VocabularyUnit 3: Hard sell

I need to .......... a few errands this morning, but we can meet later.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)Language functionsUnit 3: Hard sell

Seller: The price of this bike is 50 dinars. Buyer: .......... Would you accept 40?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)Language functionsUnit 3: Hard sell

Buyer: Would you accept 30 dinars for it? Seller: .......... I can't go lower than 40.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)Language functionsUnit 3: Hard sell

A: I can pay 7 dinars an hour. B: Can we try and .......... on this? Would 7.50 be OK?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)Language functionsUnit 3: Hard sell

A: OK, 7.50 an hour it is. B: .......... Let's shake on that, then.

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)Language functionsUnit 3: Hard sell

'Provided you finish by midnight, I see no reason why I couldn't pay a bit more.' The speaker is .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Shops often place a very expensive item next to the product they actually want to sell. Compared with a 900-dinar coat, a 300-dinar coat suddenly seems reasonable, even though the shopper may never have intended to spend so much. Economists call this effect 'anchoring'.

The main idea of the text is that ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Possibly, the first thing we can take from economics is the importance of doing a cost-benefit analysis when making big decisions. Comfortable though we may be with making a list of pros and cons, we should recognise that it is actually a rather ineffective tool. Just one of the cons might easily outweigh all of the pros. A cost-benefit analysis is something altogether more sophisticated, which allows you to be more objective.

Why does the writer consider a pros and cons list a rather ineffective tool?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Possibly, the first thing we can take from economics is the importance of doing a cost-benefit analysis when making big decisions. Comfortable though we may be with making a list of pros and cons, we should recognise that it is actually a rather ineffective tool. Just one of the cons might easily outweigh all of the pros. A cost-benefit analysis is something altogether more sophisticated, which allows you to be more objective.

The pronoun 'which' in 'which allows you to be more objective' refers to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Behavioural economics teaches us that people have a tendency to overvalue immediate rewards over long-term payoffs. A famous study showed that given the choice between receiving less money now, or more money later, most people would choose the former, even though they'd end up less well-off. This is also the reason why people procrastinate, or why you should never go food shopping when you're hungry.

The writer implies that people put things off because .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Behavioural economics teaches us that people have a tendency to overvalue immediate rewards over long-term payoffs. A famous study showed that given the choice between receiving less money now, or more money later, most people would choose the former, even though they'd end up less well-off. This is also the reason why people procrastinate, or why you should never go food shopping when you're hungry.

The word 'the former' in the text refers to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
The sunk-cost fallacy is the idea that because you have already invested time or money in something, you should persist with it no matter what. One study asked people to imagine they were at a birthday celebration and that they were offered chocolate cake. The researchers told some people this was from a local supermarket, and others that it was an expensive handmade cake from a shop almost an hour away. Having been told the cake had required a significant investment of time and money seemed to make people much more likely to eat it all, even though they felt uncomfortably full.

What had the biggest impact on whether people ate all the chocolate cake?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
The sunk-cost fallacy is the idea that because you have already invested time or money in something, you should persist with it no matter what. One study asked people to imagine they were at a birthday celebration and that they were offered chocolate cake. The researchers told some people this was from a local supermarket, and others that it was an expensive handmade cake from a shop almost an hour away. Having been told the cake had required a significant investment of time and money seemed to make people much more likely to eat it all, even though they felt uncomfortably full.

The word 'persist' in the text is closest in meaning to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Even when we've made a good decision, we should also be aware of the law of diminishing returns. This economic concept states that after a certain point, investing more money (or effort) does not lead to increased benefits. This law can also be applied to eating pizza. The first few slices are great, but after that, it becomes less and less palatable, and if you kept going, you might even feel nauseous.

What lesson does the writer think we should learn from the law of diminishing returns?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Even when we've made a good decision, we should also be aware of the law of diminishing returns. This economic concept states that after a certain point, investing more money (or effort) does not lead to increased benefits. This law can also be applied to eating pizza. The first few slices are great, but after that, it becomes less and less palatable, and if you kept going, you might even feel nauseous.

The word 'palatable' in the text means .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
With the advent of the Internet, targeted advertising became much more established. Web browsers and social media platforms were able to harvest huge amounts of data on the public's viewing habits and histories, information they could monetise by selling it to advertisers. And, once visited, websites installed 'cookies' onto people's computers which, quietly and unbeknown to many users, collected information about their interests and their consumer behaviour.

The word 'they' in 'information they could monetise' refers to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
With the advent of the Internet, targeted advertising became much more established. Web browsers and social media platforms were able to harvest huge amounts of data on the public's viewing habits and histories, information they could monetise by selling it to advertisers. And, once visited, websites installed 'cookies' onto people's computers which, quietly and unbeknown to many users, collected information about their interests and their consumer behaviour.

The phrase 'unbeknown to many users' means that many users .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Any websites accessed within the 27 member countries of the EU, or in the UK, are obliged to be transparent about their advertising methods and, crucially, cannot monitor online behaviour without obtaining the user's consent. The onus is on these companies to offer people a simple and clear choice between opting in or out of tracking cookies. There are massive fines for companies that fail to comply with any of the regulations.

According to the text, the GDPR made it compulsory for companies to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Any websites accessed within the 27 member countries of the EU, or in the UK, are obliged to be transparent about their advertising methods and, crucially, cannot monitor online behaviour without obtaining the user's consent. The onus is on these companies to offer people a simple and clear choice between opting in or out of tracking cookies. There are massive fines for companies that fail to comply with any of the regulations.

The phrase 'The onus is on these companies' means that .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Known as contextual advertising, this alternative method involves the strategic placement of relevant adverts on relevant web pages, for example, an advert for a cookbook on a website dedicated to food. Contextual advertising has a number of advantages for the marketer: it is inexpensive, it is generally proving to be quite effective, and it respects privacy laws. A pitfall, however, is that a company's advert may appear side by side with that of a direct competitor.

According to the text, a disadvantage of contextual advertising for the marketer is that .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)ReadingUnit 3: Hard sell
Known as contextual advertising, this alternative method involves the strategic placement of relevant adverts on relevant web pages, for example, an advert for a cookbook on a website dedicated to food. Contextual advertising has a number of advantages for the marketer: it is inexpensive, it is generally proving to be quite effective, and it respects privacy laws. A pitfall, however, is that a company's advert may appear side by side with that of a direct competitor.

The word 'that' in 'side by side with that of a direct competitor' refers to .......... .

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)WritingUnit 3: Hard sell

In a for-and-against essay, the most suitable phrase to introduce the opposite point of view is ..........

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)WritingUnit 3: Hard sell

According to the Active Writing box, why is paraphrasing important in an essay?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)WritingUnit 3: Hard sell

'People are concerned about the environment.' โ† 'There is growing concern for the environment.' Which paraphrasing technique is used?

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Grade 12 (Tawjihi)WritingUnit 3: Hard sell

In a for-and-against essay, where should you usually give your own opinion?

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