Reading questions
62 questions. Answer each one and read the explanation; your score comes at the end. Practise again whenever you like.
62questionsGrade 12 (Tawjihi)
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๐งฉ Grammar 117๐ค Vocabulary 173๐ฌ Language functions 22๐ Reading 62โ๏ธ Writing 28๐ญ Literature 16
Psychometric tests have become a common part of job interviews. Supporters argue that they reveal how a candidate is likely to behave under pressure, something a short conversation rarely shows. Critics, however, point out that clever candidates soon learn which answers employers want to hear.
According to the text, critics believe that psychometric tests ..........
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Many teenagers feel pressure to choose a career before they truly know themselves. This is understandable, but it can lead to hasty decisions that they later regret.
The word 'This' in the second sentence refers to ..........
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Bilingual people often report that they feel slightly different when they switch languages. Some say they are more direct in English and more polite in Arabic. Researchers believe this happens because each language carries its own cultural habits, which speakers absorb as they learn it.
According to the text, bilingual people may feel different in each language because .......... .
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Genes certainly influence our personality, but they are not the whole story. The environment we grow up in, the friends we make and the experiences we have all shape who we become. To say that personality is decided at birth is, therefore, an oversimplification.
The writer believes that saying personality is decided at birth is .......... .
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Have you heard that the Inuit have hundreds of different words for snow? The theory goes that because snow is so much more present in their lives, and often of vital importance, they actually perceive it differently, and recognise more subtle distinctions between different types of snow and ice than those of us living in warmer climes.
The underlined pronoun 'they' in the text refers to .......... .
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In an interesting study, objective outsiders were split into two groups to watch a video of a job interview. One group watched the entire thing, the other missed out the initial, informal chat. The first group's judgement of the candidate's performance was, to a large extent, dependent on the impression the candidate made at the start.
What did the study show?
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Most people understand that a smile and eye contact are generally perceived positively, so they make use of these strategically. On the other hand, they may be completely oblivious to the fact that their crossed arms can make them look closed or even hostile.
The word 'oblivious' in the text means .......... .
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The bus lurched forward before Sami had found a seat, and he stumbled into the aisle, grabbing a rail just in time. An elderly man glanced up from his newspaper, smiled sympathetically and moved his bag so that Sami could sit down.
The word 'lurched' in the text suggests that the bus ..........
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When Rami missed the last metro, he had no choice but to walk home. It took him two hours, but the walk turned out to be a pleasant surprise. The city, which he usually rushed through, looked completely different at night.
The word 'It' in the second sentence refers to .......... .
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When Rami missed the last metro, he had no choice but to walk home. It took him two hours, but the walk turned out to be a pleasant surprise. The city, which he usually rushed through, looked completely different at night.
How did Rami feel about the walk in the end?
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Space tourism is no longer science fiction. Several companies already offer short trips to the edge of space, although tickets cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Supporters say these flights will eventually become cheaper, while critics worry about the pollution caused by each launch.
According to the text, critics of space tourism are mainly concerned about .......... .
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When the doors slid open, the passengers alighting had to elbow their way through the sea of people entering the carriages. The fact that there wasn't a better system was something that surprised Fares.
The word 'alighting' in the text means .......... .
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When the doors slid open, the passengers alighting had to elbow their way through the sea of people entering the carriages. The fact that there wasn't a better system was something that surprised Fares.
The underlined indefinite pronoun 'something' refers to .......... .
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When Fares had announced his intention to travel alone to Barcelona, everyone tried to talk him out of it, but he was determined. It had been his dream since childhood to visit the great football stadium, Camp Nou.
Why did Fares travel to Barcelona?
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Every seat was taken, as well as every square inch of standing room. Those who could reach overhead and grasp the handrail to steady themselves were lucky.
The word 'grasp' in the text means .......... .
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Shops often place a very expensive item next to the product they actually want to sell. Compared with a 900-dinar coat, a 300-dinar coat suddenly seems reasonable, even though the shopper may never have intended to spend so much. Economists call this effect 'anchoring'.
The main idea of the text is that ..........
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Possibly, the first thing we can take from economics is the importance of doing a cost-benefit analysis when making big decisions. Comfortable though we may be with making a list of pros and cons, we should recognise that it is actually a rather ineffective tool. Just one of the cons might easily outweigh all of the pros. A cost-benefit analysis is something altogether more sophisticated, which allows you to be more objective.
Why does the writer consider a pros and cons list a rather ineffective tool?
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Possibly, the first thing we can take from economics is the importance of doing a cost-benefit analysis when making big decisions. Comfortable though we may be with making a list of pros and cons, we should recognise that it is actually a rather ineffective tool. Just one of the cons might easily outweigh all of the pros. A cost-benefit analysis is something altogether more sophisticated, which allows you to be more objective.
The pronoun 'which' in 'which allows you to be more objective' refers to .......... .
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Behavioural economics teaches us that people have a tendency to overvalue immediate rewards over long-term payoffs. A famous study showed that given the choice between receiving less money now, or more money later, most people would choose the former, even though they'd end up less well-off. This is also the reason why people procrastinate, or why you should never go food shopping when you're hungry.
The writer implies that people put things off because .......... .
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Behavioural economics teaches us that people have a tendency to overvalue immediate rewards over long-term payoffs. A famous study showed that given the choice between receiving less money now, or more money later, most people would choose the former, even though they'd end up less well-off. This is also the reason why people procrastinate, or why you should never go food shopping when you're hungry.
The word 'the former' in the text refers to .......... .
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The sunk-cost fallacy is the idea that because you have already invested time or money in something, you should persist with it no matter what. One study asked people to imagine they were at a birthday celebration and that they were offered chocolate cake. The researchers told some people this was from a local supermarket, and others that it was an expensive handmade cake from a shop almost an hour away. Having been told the cake had required a significant investment of time and money seemed to make people much more likely to eat it all, even though they felt uncomfortably full.
What had the biggest impact on whether people ate all the chocolate cake?
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The sunk-cost fallacy is the idea that because you have already invested time or money in something, you should persist with it no matter what. One study asked people to imagine they were at a birthday celebration and that they were offered chocolate cake. The researchers told some people this was from a local supermarket, and others that it was an expensive handmade cake from a shop almost an hour away. Having been told the cake had required a significant investment of time and money seemed to make people much more likely to eat it all, even though they felt uncomfortably full.
The word 'persist' in the text is closest in meaning to .......... .
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Even when we've made a good decision, we should also be aware of the law of diminishing returns. This economic concept states that after a certain point, investing more money (or effort) does not lead to increased benefits. This law can also be applied to eating pizza. The first few slices are great, but after that, it becomes less and less palatable, and if you kept going, you might even feel nauseous.
What lesson does the writer think we should learn from the law of diminishing returns?
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Even when we've made a good decision, we should also be aware of the law of diminishing returns. This economic concept states that after a certain point, investing more money (or effort) does not lead to increased benefits. This law can also be applied to eating pizza. The first few slices are great, but after that, it becomes less and less palatable, and if you kept going, you might even feel nauseous.
The word 'palatable' in the text means .......... .
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With the advent of the Internet, targeted advertising became much more established. Web browsers and social media platforms were able to harvest huge amounts of data on the public's viewing habits and histories, information they could monetise by selling it to advertisers. And, once visited, websites installed 'cookies' onto people's computers which, quietly and unbeknown to many users, collected information about their interests and their consumer behaviour.
The word 'they' in 'information they could monetise' refers to .......... .
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With the advent of the Internet, targeted advertising became much more established. Web browsers and social media platforms were able to harvest huge amounts of data on the public's viewing habits and histories, information they could monetise by selling it to advertisers. And, once visited, websites installed 'cookies' onto people's computers which, quietly and unbeknown to many users, collected information about their interests and their consumer behaviour.
The phrase 'unbeknown to many users' means that many users .......... .
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Any websites accessed within the 27 member countries of the EU, or in the UK, are obliged to be transparent about their advertising methods and, crucially, cannot monitor online behaviour without obtaining the user's consent. The onus is on these companies to offer people a simple and clear choice between opting in or out of tracking cookies. There are massive fines for companies that fail to comply with any of the regulations.
According to the text, the GDPR made it compulsory for companies to .......... .
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Any websites accessed within the 27 member countries of the EU, or in the UK, are obliged to be transparent about their advertising methods and, crucially, cannot monitor online behaviour without obtaining the user's consent. The onus is on these companies to offer people a simple and clear choice between opting in or out of tracking cookies. There are massive fines for companies that fail to comply with any of the regulations.
The phrase 'The onus is on these companies' means that .......... .
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Known as contextual advertising, this alternative method involves the strategic placement of relevant adverts on relevant web pages, for example, an advert for a cookbook on a website dedicated to food. Contextual advertising has a number of advantages for the marketer: it is inexpensive, it is generally proving to be quite effective, and it respects privacy laws. A pitfall, however, is that a company's advert may appear side by side with that of a direct competitor.
According to the text, a disadvantage of contextual advertising for the marketer is that .......... .
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Known as contextual advertising, this alternative method involves the strategic placement of relevant adverts on relevant web pages, for example, an advert for a cookbook on a website dedicated to food. Contextual advertising has a number of advantages for the marketer: it is inexpensive, it is generally proving to be quite effective, and it respects privacy laws. A pitfall, however, is that a company's advert may appear side by side with that of a direct competitor.
The word 'that' in 'side by side with that of a direct competitor' refers to .......... .
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As soon as Lina opened the oven, the smell of warm cinnamon wafted through the house. Within seconds, her younger brother appeared in the kitchen, his eyes fixed on the golden, crispy pastries.
The brother's reaction shows that he was ..........
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You've had a really filling meal and you're chilling out on the sofa watching mindless TV. But then, oh no, the detective goes into a fish and chip shop. Your senses are suddenly on full alert. You can smell the vinegar, hear the chips sizzling in the fryer, and your stomach rumbles. Well, what I do is head for the kitchen, rustle up what I've just seen on the screen and then feel awful afterwards. Pictures in a book or magazine don't do it for me, but moving visuals do.
What triggers the writer's appetite in this text?
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You've had a really filling meal and you're chilling out on the sofa watching mindless TV. But then, oh no, the detective goes into a fish and chip shop. Your senses are suddenly on full alert. You can smell the vinegar, hear the chips sizzling in the fryer, and your stomach rumbles. Well, what I do is head for the kitchen, rustle up what I've just seen on the screen and then feel awful afterwards. Pictures in a book or magazine don't do it for me, but moving visuals do.
The phrase 'rustle up' in the text means .......... .
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You've had a really filling meal and you're chilling out on the sofa watching mindless TV. But then, oh no, the detective goes into a fish and chip shop. Your senses are suddenly on full alert. You can smell the vinegar, hear the chips sizzling in the fryer, and your stomach rumbles. Well, what I do is head for the kitchen, rustle up what I've just seen on the screen and then feel awful afterwards. Pictures in a book or magazine don't do it for me, but moving visuals do.
How does the writer feel after eating the food he saw on TV?
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I'm usually careful to avoid the temptations that lead to snacking between meals. But, unfortunately, when boredom sets in, the healthy habits waver. Some of my friends maintain that it's stress or anger that leads them straight to the crisp packet. They say that comfort eating helps them cope with whatever situation it is that they're facing. I have no such excuses. My hunger pangs strike when I'm between activities.
According to the writer's friends, what leads them to eat crisps?
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I'm usually careful to avoid the temptations that lead to snacking between meals. But, unfortunately, when boredom sets in, the healthy habits waver. Some of my friends maintain that it's stress or anger that leads them straight to the crisp packet. They say that comfort eating helps them cope with whatever situation it is that they're facing. I have no such excuses. My hunger pangs strike when I'm between activities.
The word 'them' in 'it's stress or anger that leads them' refers to .......... .
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I'm usually careful to avoid the temptations that lead to snacking between meals. But, unfortunately, when boredom sets in, the healthy habits waver. Some of my friends maintain that it's stress or anger that leads them straight to the crisp packet. They say that comfort eating helps them cope with whatever situation it is that they're facing. I have no such excuses. My hunger pangs strike when I'm between activities.
The phrase 'I have no such excuses' means that the writer .......... .
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I could be walking down the street to the bus stop without a thought of food in my head when the smell of freshly baked bread wafts out of the baker's and stops me in my tracks. The supermarkets are even worse. They've researched the smells that trigger food responses in us, and they purposely release them in certain aisles to encourage us to buy.
Why do supermarkets release certain smells in their aisles?
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I could be walking down the street to the bus stop without a thought of food in my head when the smell of freshly baked bread wafts out of the baker's and stops me in my tracks. The supermarkets are even worse. They've researched the smells that trigger food responses in us, and they purposely release them in certain aisles to encourage us to buy.
The pronoun 'them' in 'they purposely release them' refers to .......... .
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Raw talent may get an athlete noticed, but it is rarely enough on its own. Coaches repeatedly say that the players who reach the top are the ones with a stubborn streak: they keep training long after others have given up, and they treat every defeat as information rather than as a disaster.
According to the writer, successful athletes ..........
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In spite of their dedication and skill, even the best of sportspeople can be plagued by doubts and fears. The need to be in the right mindset to perform, unhindered by nerves, has paved the way for a relatively new role in the sports sector, that of the sports psychologist. Now, when sports celebrities thank their manager, their coach, and their supporters, it is not unusual for them to single out their sports psychologist for special praise.
According to the text, why has the role of the sports psychologist developed?
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In spite of their dedication and skill, even the best of sportspeople can be plagued by doubts and fears. The need to be in the right mindset to perform, unhindered by nerves, has paved the way for a relatively new role in the sports sector, that of the sports psychologist. Now, when sports celebrities thank their manager, their coach, and their supporters, it is not unusual for them to single out their sports psychologist for special praise.
The word 'them' in 'it is not unusual for them to single out' refers to .......... .
๐
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In spite of their dedication and skill, even the best of sportspeople can be plagued by doubts and fears. The need to be in the right mindset to perform, unhindered by nerves, has paved the way for a relatively new role in the sports sector, that of the sports psychologist. Now, when sports celebrities thank their manager, their coach, and their supporters, it is not unusual for them to single out their sports psychologist for special praise.
The phrase 'plagued by doubts and fears' means .......... .
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When players get injured, the sports psychologist supports them through their recovery with a customised programme for their physical pain management as well as their mental wellness. If a player's confidence becomes eroded by an injury they have sustained, the sports psychologist works closely with them, strategically building the player back up to a position of self-belief.
What does the sports psychologist do when a player's confidence is eroded by an injury?
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When players get injured, the sports psychologist supports them through their recovery with a customised programme for their physical pain management as well as their mental wellness. If a player's confidence becomes eroded by an injury they have sustained, the sports psychologist works closely with them, strategically building the player back up to a position of self-belief.
The pronoun 'they' in 'an injury they have sustained' refers to .......... .
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One professor of sport sciences, after observing more than 250 players, was able to conclude that play was more successful whenever players 'scanned', that is, quickly glanced around, before receiving a pass. The same professor also studied 45 years' worth of penalty shoot-outs. The conclusion is that waiting too long causes overthinking, which often results in no score.
What did the professor conclude about penalty kicks?
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One professor of sport sciences, after observing more than 250 players, was able to conclude that play was more successful whenever players 'scanned', that is, quickly glanced around, before receiving a pass. The same professor also studied 45 years' worth of penalty shoot-outs. The conclusion is that waiting too long causes overthinking, which often results in no score.
The word 'scanned' in the text is explained as .......... .
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What life coaches are, in essence, is a replacement for friends or family who people would traditionally turn to for advice and encouragement. They support clients in recognising their strengths and weaknesses and show them how to achieve their goals. Unlike a therapist, who requires professional qualifications, anyone can be a life coach.
According to the text, how is a life coach different from a therapist?
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What life coaches are, in essence, is a replacement for friends or family who people would traditionally turn to for advice and encouragement. They support clients in recognising their strengths and weaknesses and show them how to achieve their goals. Unlike a therapist, who requires professional qualifications, anyone can be a life coach.
The word 'who' in 'friends or family who people would traditionally turn to' refers to .......... .
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The founder of Beyond 12 was offered a place at a prestigious college as a straight-A student. Although she managed to graduate, she found the years spent there extremely demanding. She was among people from very different backgrounds to her own, so she struggled to fit in. Living on the breadline, she could not afford to pay for a life coach, so only her will to succeed allowed her to continue.
Why did the founder of Beyond 12 struggle at college?
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The founder of Beyond 12 was offered a place at a prestigious college as a straight-A student. Although she managed to graduate, she found the years spent there extremely demanding. She was among people from very different backgrounds to her own, so she struggled to fit in. Living on the breadline, she could not afford to pay for a life coach, so only her will to succeed allowed her to continue.
The phrase 'living on the breadline' suggests that she .......... .
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The transformation of seaside towns into resorts started in 1789 when King George III was advised to spend time close to the sea for his health. The king took his royal family to Weymouth, a seaside town on the south coast. Weymouth became the king's favourite holiday destination, one to which he regularly returned until 1805.
Why did King George III go to the seaside?
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The transformation of seaside towns into resorts started in 1789 when King George III was advised to spend time close to the sea for his health. The king took his royal family to Weymouth, a seaside town on the south coast. Weymouth became the king's favourite holiday destination, one to which he regularly returned until 1805.
The word 'one' in 'one to which he regularly returned' refers to .......... .
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George IV, his son, was also advised to take the sea air for medical reasons. He favoured Brighton as it was closer to the capital than Weymouth, and this resulted in the rapid growth and popularity of the resort and its nickname of 'London by the sea'. This king's legacy was the construction of the Brighton Pavilion, an innovative and elegant building.
Why did George IV prefer Brighton to Weymouth?
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George IV, his son, was also advised to take the sea air for medical reasons. He favoured Brighton as it was closer to the capital than Weymouth, and this resulted in the rapid growth and popularity of the resort and its nickname of 'London by the sea'. This king's legacy was the construction of the Brighton Pavilion, an innovative and elegant building.
Brighton got the nickname 'London by the sea' because .......... .
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George IV, his son, was also advised to take the sea air for medical reasons. He favoured Brighton as it was closer to the capital than Weymouth, and this resulted in the rapid growth and popularity of the resort and its nickname of 'London by the sea'. This king's legacy was the construction of the Brighton Pavilion, an innovative and elegant building.
What was George IV's legacy?
๐
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The British love affair with the seaside came to a sudden end in the late 20th century when cheap flights made it more affordable to visit other countries, where the weather was better and more reliable. Seaside hotels closed and piers deteriorated. However, today, after decades of globetrotting, the popularity of the 'staycation' is growing again. Many British seaside resorts are reinventing themselves.
What caused the decline of the British seaside resorts?
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The British love affair with the seaside came to a sudden end in the late 20th century when cheap flights made it more affordable to visit other countries, where the weather was better and more reliable. Seaside hotels closed and piers deteriorated. However, today, after decades of globetrotting, the popularity of the 'staycation' is growing again. Many British seaside resorts are reinventing themselves.
The word 'staycation' in the text means .......... .
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The British love affair with the seaside came to a sudden end in the late 20th century when cheap flights made it more affordable to visit other countries, where the weather was better and more reliable. Seaside hotels closed and piers deteriorated. However, today, after decades of globetrotting, the popularity of the 'staycation' is growing again. Many British seaside resorts are reinventing themselves.
The word 'deteriorated' in 'piers deteriorated' is closest in meaning to .......... .
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The heyday of the seaside resorts in the UK came in the late 1940s, in the post-war years. These annual breaks were the time for the traditionally straitlaced Brits to let their hair down. Many stereotypical images of the British on the beach date from this time: men with socks and sandals and knotted handkerchiefs on their heads, and pink-skinned sunbathers whose fair skin couldn't take the sunshine.
The phrase 'let their hair down' in the text means .......... .
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The heyday of the seaside resorts in the UK came in the late 1940s, in the post-war years. These annual breaks were the time for the traditionally straitlaced Brits to let their hair down. Many stereotypical images of the British on the beach date from this time: men with socks and sandals and knotted handkerchiefs on their heads, and pink-skinned sunbathers whose fair skin couldn't take the sunshine.
The word 'whose' in 'sunbathers whose fair skin couldn't take the sunshine' refers to .......... .
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The heyday of the seaside resorts in the UK came in the late 1940s, in the post-war years. These annual breaks were the time for the traditionally straitlaced Brits to let their hair down. Many stereotypical images of the British on the beach date from this time: men with socks and sandals and knotted handkerchiefs on their heads, and pink-skinned sunbathers whose fair skin couldn't take the sunshine.
When was the heyday of the seaside resorts in the UK?
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๐ The book's units
๐ From the back of the book: Culture and Literature
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